Northern Alabama

Last Update: 20/JULY/2025

Fort Tombécbe
(1735 - 1768, 1794 - 1799, 1817 - 1822), Epes
Built as a supply depot and trading post by the French. Inside the three-sided star-shaped red cedar stockade walls stood nine log buildings, including soldiers' barracks, a powder magazine, a prison, and a storehouse to support the 30-50 soldiers stationed there. Ceded to the British in 1761 and renamed Fort York, but most likely not actually garrisoned until 1766, and was abandoned in 1768. The Spanish later took control of the site in 1794 and built Fort Confederación as an earthwork fort. The Americans took control in 1797 and renamed it Fort Tombigbee (1), a corruption of the original French name, and held it until 1799 when the international boundary was moved south to the 31st Parallel (see Fort St. Stephens on page 1). The Choctaw Indian Agency (2) was relocated here in 1817 - 1822, by this time known again as Fort Confederation, part of the Federal Indian Factory system, before St. Stephens became the Territorial capital. The site was later used as a CSA lookout post during the Civil War. Earthworks still exist on White Bluff. A stone monument was erected on site in 1915 by the Colonial Dames of America. Archaeological excavations first began in 1980.

Gainesville CSA Arsenal and Ordnance Depot
(1862), Gainesville
A CSA Arsenal and/or Ordnance Depot was located in the city. Undetermined location. It may have moved to Tuscalooosa in 1862 or 1863.

Moundville (Archaeological Park)
(Mound State Monument)
(1250 - 1500), Moundville
A Late Mississippian Period palisaded Indian town and mound center. This was the largest Native American city south of the Ohio River, with several satellite towns under its influence. This may be the site of Zabusta which was visited by Hernando DeSoto in December 1540. DeSoto did not note the existence of a palisade at that time. The 320-acre park has 20 platform mounds, a replica temple, extensive earthworks, and a museum. Admission fee.

Fort Jonesborough
(1813), Bessemer
A settlers' stockaded fort for protection against the Creeks. The town of Jonesborough was first settled in 1815, and was later incorporated into the city of Bessemer. Site located at the Terrace Manor housing complex.
(thanks to Jim Bennett for providing location)

Camp Falkner
(1898), Birmingham
A Spanish-American War muster-out camp for state troops. Located in the East Lake area.

Camp Winn
(1862 - 1865), near Shelby
A CSA training camp was established at the Shelby Springs Hotel and Spa (1839). The hotel itself was taken over as a military hospital in 1865. The resort reopened in 1869, but was closed in 1915. The site is now a cattle ranch off of AL 25.

Coosa River Fort
(1865), near Wilsonville
A Confederate defense of the Alabama - Tennessee River Railroad bridge over the Coosa River northeast of town. Built in February 1865 and manned by a reserve company of mostly old men and boys, the post was captured by the Union in March 1865.

The railroad trestle over Yellow Leaf Creek, just to the west of the Coosa River bridge, was also defended by two works on either side of the creek, and also manned by old men and boys, and were also captured by the Union in the same raid. A state marker describing all three unnamed forts is located on Alabama State Highway 25 at the entrance to the Alabama Power Gaston Steam Plant (National Carbon Capture Center).

Fort Williams
(1814), near Talladega Springs
A Federal supply post and hospital, roughly halfway between Fort Strother and Fort Jackson. Located on the Coosa River at Cedar Creek. Site is now under the waters of the Coosa River created by the Mitchell Dam. A state marker is located about 12 miles east in Sylacauga, on Fort Williams Street.

Indian Palisade (b)
(1400 - 1539 ?), near Talladega ?
A Late Mississippian Period palisaded Indian village located on or near the Coosa River. Exact site undetermined. Visited by Hernando DeSoto in September 1540, who noted that it was abandoned by the Indians and overgrown with tall weeds, but that the palisade wall was still standing.

Fort (Alexander) Leslie
(1813), Talladega
A Lower Creek Indian fortified house or blockhouse, also called Leslie's Station, Leslie's Post, Fort Lashley, and Lashley's Fort (mis-spellings, but apparently pronounced that way). These pro-American Indians were opposed to the Red Sticks, the Creek faction that was causing trouble with the white settlers and General Andrew Jackson's troops, and were besieged by them for several days here. General Jackson defeated the Red Stick Creeks at the "Battle of Talladega" in November 1813. Site located at Fort Lashley Ave. and South Street.

Fort Chinnabee
(1813), near Oxford
A Lower Creek Indian fort six miles east of town on the north side of Big Shoal Creek near Wolfskull Creek. Also known as Chief Chinnaby's Fort.

Camp Anniston (1)
(1862), Anniston
A CSA camp and supply base.

Camp Shipp
(1898 - 1899), Anniston
A Spanish-American War winter camp. One of the Army General Hospitals (Leiter ?) from Camp Chickamauga, GA was relocated here in October after the war. Located just west of town, near the old Union Foundry and the American Pipe and Foundry Company. Parades were held on the grounds of the old Anniston Inn, which had become a college by then. West of the present-day Fort McClellan reservation.

Camp Anniston (2)
(1912, 1915), Blue Mountain
An Alabama National Guard summer encampment and artillery firing range. Known as Camp John T. Morgan in 1915.

Fort McClellan (State Military Reservation)
(Fort McClellan Development Authority)
(Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge)
(1917 - 1999/present), Anniston
A Federalized National Guard training encampment for the 29th "Blue-Gray" Division. Placed in care-taker status after 1919. Site then used for annual summer training by the Army Reserve and National Guard. Originally named Camp McClellan until renamed in 1929 as a permanent post. New construction took place soon after, and again in 1940 when the camp was re-activated for WWII as a Regular Army infantry replacement center. A German POW camp was built here in 1943. The U.S. Army Chemical School was located here 1951 - 1973, and 1979 - 1998 until moved to Fort Leonard Wood, MO. The Army Chemical Corps Museum also moved. The Women's Army Corps School was located here 1952 - 1978. The Women's Army Corps Museum moved to Fort Lee, VA. The U.S. Army Military Police School was located here 1975 - 1998 until also moved to Fort Leonard Wood, MO. The Military Police Corps Museum also moved. The post was closed in 1999 as an active installation, and is now undergoing redevelopment. Portions still in use by the AL National Guard and Army Reserve. A portion of undeveloped land became the Mountain Longleaf NWR in 2003.

Fort Strother
(1813 - 1814), near Ohatchee
General Andrew Jackson's base of operations during the First Creek War. Located four miles west of town on the Coosa River opposite Charchee Creek. The palisaded fort was 100 yards square enclosing eight hospital huts, a supply house, and 25 tents, as well as a large hog pen. Built after the Battle of Tallassahatchee, and before the Battle of Talladega. A stone marker (1913) was erected by the D.A.R..

Fort Armstrong ?
(1814), near Cedar Bluff
A temporary Federal post built during the First Creek War, probably located on what is now Williamson Island in Weiss Lake (Coosa River). Garrisoned mostly by Cherokee Indians.
According to local tradition, this site was used by the British as a supply base during the American Revolution.

Fort Lovell
(1838), near Cedar Bluff
A Federal log stockade near "Turkey Town", used for the Cherokee Removals on the "Trail of Tears". Probably located on what is now Williamson Island in Weiss Lake (Coosa River). No remains.

Fort Likens
(1838), Barry Springs
A Federal circular log stockade in "Brown's Lower Valley" (Broomtown Valley) used for the Cherokee Removals on the "Trail of Tears". Located near the springs on Mill Creek. No remains. The nearby Richard Barry log house (1838) was destroyed by fire in 1970. The Cherokee County Historical Society erected a marker here in the mid 1970s. Actual site is private property.

Fort Payne
(1835 - 1836, 1838, 1864), Fort Payne
A Federal stockade used for the Cherokee Removals on the "Trail of Tears". Located near the Willstown Mission (1823 - 1838) for the Cherokee. The ruins of the original 1825 John Huss log house (torn down in 1946) that was within the stockade remain on private property at the end of 4th Street SE off of Gault Ave. South (US 11). A state marker is located in City (Union) Park on Gault Ave. North between 4th and 5th Streets NE. The Willstown Mission site is located northeast of town on 38th Street NE at Godfrey Ave. NE.

The CSA later built a small fort here to guard saltpeter works.

Indian Fort
(DeSoto State Park)
(unknown dates), near Fort Payne
Ancient Indian fortifications protected rock "rooms" in a cliffside near DeSoto Falls.

Civil War Defenses of Bridgeport
(1862 - 1865), Bridgeport
About 3000 Union troops were garrisoned here by early 1864. There were three unnamed redoubts with blockhouses;
Fort #1 was on a hill downriver (south) from the railroad bridge.
Fort #2 was on a hill overlooking the steamboat landing on the Tennessee River;
Fort #3 was just to the west covering the railroad spur.
Three blockhouses protected the two railroad bridges over Long Island; two on either end of the first (west) bridge from town (with 130 men), and the other was on a hill in town overlooking the first (west) bridge.

Widow's Creek Blockhouse
(1864 - 1865), near Bolivar
A Union blockhouse located on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad at the bridge over Widows Creek. Garrisoned by 20 men.

Civil War Defenses of Stevenson
(1861 - 1865), Stevenson
CSA Fort Stevenson (1861) was the original town defense.

Union works in 1862 included:
Fort (Redoubt) Harker, a rectangular 50-yard square earthwork (seven guns) with a powder magazine and a bombproof, on the south side of town on Crow Creek. The earthworks and four gun platforms are well-preserved. Excavated in 1976, restored in 1985. Now a town park on Sawmill Road overlooking Guntersville Lake.
Fort (Redoubt) Mitchel (2), on the railroad north of the depot.
Two unfinished redoubts, southeast and northeast of town.
There were seven numbered blockhouses surrounding the town on all sides. Another blockhouse (20 men) was dedicated to protecting the N & C Railroad bridge over an unnamed creek about one mile east of town, near New Town.

Crow Creek Blockhouses
(1864 - 1865), Jackson County
Union engineers constructed seven blockhouses, some possibly with added stockades or redoubts, at the major bridges and trestles on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad along Crow Creek between Anderson, Tennessee and Stevenson, Alabama. There were 160 men in total garrisoned between all seven blockhouses to guard this stretch of the rail line.

Camp Bellefonte
(1838), Bellefonte
A Federal muster post and supply depot used during the Cherokee Removals.

Camp at Scottsboro
(1864 - 1865), Scottsboro
A Union encampment of the First Brigade, Fourth Division, Fifteenth Corps, with about 3000 men, guarding the Memphis and Charleston Railroad and the telegraph lines between Scottsboro and Stevenson. Four regimental camps were set up in January 1864 on either side of the railroad at and within one block of the depot. Most of the troops were withdrawn by May 1864. The town was attacked by Confederate forces in January 1865, the Union garrison then only two regiments of U.S.C.T. infantry, who were eventually driven off by artillery fire. The original depot building (built 1861) is still extant, at East Maple Ave. and North Houston Street.

Fort Deposit (1)
(1813 - 1814), Guntersville
A TN militia supply base during General Andrew Jackson's Creek War campaign. Located on the south side of the Tennessee River at Honey (Thompson's) Creek.

Fort Morrow
(1838), Guntersville
A Federal log stockade at Gunter's Landing used for the Cherokee Removals on the "Trail of Tears". No remains. The town was renamed in 1854.

Gunter's Landing Cantonment
(1863), Guntersville
A CSA encampment.

Fort Bluff
(1861), near Hulaco
An earthwork constructed by the local residents for their own defense, it had no official recognition by the CSA government. No action is known to have taken place here.

Camp Beaty
(1813 - 1814), Huntsville
A temporary camp of Gen. Andrew Jackson's 4000-man army of Tennessee volunteers and militia in October 1813, after a forced march from Fayetteville, Tennessee, located on the land of Capt. Robert Beaty. The camp site later served as a staging area and supply depot until the end of the First Creek War. The property was sold to John Brahan in 1819. State marker (erected 2012) located at Brahan Spring Park (created 1951), at 3770 Ivy Ave. SW, at 1st Street SW.

A related marker ("Andrew Jackson") is located in the Old Town District downtown on Holmes Ave. NE at Lincoln Street NE, which mentions another unnamed camp site of October 1813.

Camp Carroll
(1813 - 1814), Huntsville
A Tennessee militia encampment (December 1813 - January 1814). Unknown location.

Huntsville Fort
(1862 - 1865), Huntsville
An unnamed Union fort on the high elevation within town.

Camp Taylor
(1862), Huntsville
A Union camp on the grounds of the Green Academy (1812). The Academy buildings were used for Officers' quarters. The school was later burned down in 1864. Marker located at 605 Clinton Ave. East at the present-day East Clinton School (1938) (Providence Classical School since 1996).

Camp Monte Sano
(1888 - 1898), Huntsville
Originally a state National Guard 20-acre summer encampment and hospital east of town, about one-half mile from the Monte Sano resort hotel (built 1887). Also used as an annual summer camp for soldiers from Fort Barrancas, Florida. Also used as a Spanish-American War camp in 1898 by Army Regulars. The hotel closed in 1900, and was later demolished in 1944. Camp marker located on Panorama Drive SE at Monte Sano Blvd. SE.

Camp Wheeler
(1898 - 1899), Huntsville
A Spanish-American War winter camp, later renamed Camp Albert G. Forse. Troops were encamped in various locations throughout the city: the Robinson home at 2709 Meridian Pike; "Oaklawn" (location ?); the Sullivan home on Greene and Randolph Streets; Brahan Spring Park (cavalry) in South Huntsville; the Moore home (location ?); the Chapman farm (location ?); the Steele home at 808 Maysville Road (general HQ); Moore's Grove (hospital camp); College Grove near Randolph Street; Calhoun Grove; McCalley Grove; and in West Huntsville. The Medical Suppy House headquarters was on Holmes Street.

Camp Coffee
(1813 - 1814), near Laceys Spring
A Tennessee militia encampment located on the south bank of the Tennessee River (Wheeler Lake), about three miles above James Ditto's Ferry Landing (est. 1807) across from present-day Whitesburg.

Decatur Fort
(1862 - 1865), Decatur
An unnamed Union redoubt with several supporting batteries and earthworks was located along the railroad to the bridge over the Tennessee River. Confederates attacked the town in 1864. Markers for the Union defense line are located at the Old State Bank Building on Bank Street, at Bank and Vine Streets, and at Railroad and Lafayette Streets. A Union advanced lunette was located at Moulton Street and 6th Ave. (no marker). A CSA advanced battery was located at Moulton Street and 10th Ave. (no marker).

Fort Henderson (2)
(1863 - 1865), Athens
A Union star-shaped earthwork fort located on Coleman Hill, just southwest of downtown. Attacked by Confederates in September 1864. Became the site of the Trinity School in 1908. Site mostly destroyed in 1930 for the building of Trinity High School (closed in 1970). One bastion and portions of the ditch still remain on the grounds of the Trinity Congregational Church at 800 Browns Ferry Street.

Sulphur Branch Trestle Fort
(1864), Elkmont
A Union stockaded earthwork fort (two guns) with two outlying blockhouses protecting the Central Alabama Railroad bridge over Sulphur (Springs) Creek, located about one mile south of town. The main fort was on the south side of the creek, with the two blockhouses on either bank. Attacked and destroyed by Confederates in September 1864. The railroad was abandoned in 1986 and is now used as a hiking and bike trail.

Fort Hawkins
(1812 - 1813), Limestone County
A settlers' stockaded fort on the Elk River.

Fort Hampton
(1809 - 1817), near Coxey
A Federal fort located on the Elk River near the Tennessee River, built to protect the Chickasaw Indian reservation from white squatters. Also known as Fort at Muscle Shoals. Site is now occupied by the Harmony Church. State marker located on US 72 just west of Wright Road.

Florence Earthworks
(1863), Florence
Site of Confederate breastworks in Monumental Park at South Chestnut and Parkway. At "Bounds Place" on Cypress Mill Road, there is a secret basement with loopholes in the walls, said to have been used by Confederate troops.

Sand Fort (2)
(1860's), Colbert Heights
A CSA earthwork battery.

Camp Gravelly Springs
(1865), near Oakland
A Union camp on the Waterloo Road used as a base for raids into the state.

Cantonment on the Tennessee River
(1803 - 1805), near Georgetown
A Federal troop encampment during the construction/improvement of the Natchez Trace, located at the crossing of the Tennessee River. On which side of the river it was located is unclear. George Colbert's Ferry operated here from 1802 to 1819. Colbert's Stand (inn) was on the south bank of the river.

Chickasaw Indian Agency
(1825 - 1837), near Cherokee
The Chickasaw Indian Agency was located here after it was moved from Pontotoc, Mississippi in 1825, and was in use until the removal of the Chickasaw Nation from Alabama and Mississippi in 1837. Located north of town near the Tennessee River, upriver from (southeast of) Georgetown. The settlement here was renamed Newport in 1837. State marker located on Mulberry Lane (County Road 27), 0.4 mile east of Moody Lane (County Road 25).

Chickasaw Battery
(1861 - 1862 or 1863), near Riverton
A CSA five-gun battery on the Tennessee River at the mouth of Bear Creek. Located at the old townsite of Chickasaw, now submerged under Pickwick Lake.

NEED MORE INFO: Fort Ross (1814) unknown location. The East Tennessee Militia, 3rd Regiment, Sevier County Company, under Capt. Isaac Williams, was here in March 1814 according to muster and pay rolls, on the march southward from Kingston, TN, to Fort Williams and Fort Strother. Possibly actually a reference to Camp Ross in Chattanooga, TN.
Towns: Camp Hill in Tallapoosa County.

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